An abscess is an encapsulated accumulation of pus in tissue. It can affect different parts of the body. An abscess is often caused by bacterial infections and usually requires medical treatment.
Abscesses can occur on the skin or in deeper layers of tissue. They are characterized by swelling, redness and pain. Treatment depends on the location and size of the abscess.
In Germany, there are around 650 dermatologists for problems such as abscesses. 80% of abscesses are caused by bacteria. If wounds are heavily contaminated, the risk of abscesses increases by 50%.
Key findings
- Abscesses are encapsulated accumulations of pus in the tissue
- They can occur in various parts of the body
- Bacterial infections are the most common cause
- Typical symptoms are swelling, redness and pain
- Specialist treatment is often required
What is an abscess
An abscess is an encapsulated collection of pus in the body. It is usually caused by bacterial infections. Abscesses can occur anywhere, but are particularly common on the skin.
Definition and development
When abscesses form, bacteria penetrate into deeper layers of tissue. The body reacts with inflammation. White blood cells fight the invaders and produce pus in the process.
The pus collects in a capsule. This encapsulation protects the body, but also makes healing more difficult.
Types of abscesses
There are skin abs cesses and internal abscesses. Skin abscesses often develop on hair follicles, sebaceous glands or sweat glands. Internal abscesses can form in organs such as the liver or lungs.
Differentiation from other inflammations
Abscesses are distinguished from other inflammations by their accumulation of pus and encapsulation. These characteristics are important for correct diagnosis and treatment.
| Characteristic | Abscess | Other inflammations |
|---|---|---|
| Accumulation of pus | Yes, encapsulated | Usually not or diffuse |
| Demarcation | Clearly circumscribed | Often blurred |
| Swelling | Severe, usually painful protrusion | Variable, often less pronounced |
| Treatment | Surgical opening often necessary | Medication is usually sufficient |
Common causes of abscess formation
Abscesses are caused by various factors. Bacterial pathogens play a central role. Other factors can also contribute to the development.
Bacterial infections
Bacteria are the most common cause of abscesses. Staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli often cause skin abscesses. These bacteria penetrate the skin through small injuries.
Risk factors and favorable circumstances
Various risks increase the likelihood of infection. A weakened immune system and diabetes mellitus favor abscesses. Skin diseases such as acne or neurodermatitis can also contribute to this.
External influences also play a role. Skin injuries or a lack of hygiene can promote abscesses.
| Risk factor | Effect |
|---|---|
| Weakened immune system | Increased susceptibility to infections |
| Diabetes mellitus | Impaired wound healing |
| Skin diseases | Impaired skin barrier |
| Injuries | Entry point for bacteria |
Sterile abscesses
Non-bacterial abscesses develop without the involvement of bacteria. They are also known as sterile or cold abscesses. These can occur after operations or in the case of diseases such as tuberculosis.
In some cases, the exact cause of a sterile abscess remains unknown.
Typical symptoms and signs
Abscess symptoms vary depending on the location and size. Skin abscesses often show clear signs. The affected area is swollen, red and warm. These signs of inflammation are typical of abscesses.
Internal abscesses show less obvious symptoms. Those affected feel pain in the affected area and feel unwell. Fever, chills and fatigue are common.
Sometimes dysfunctions of the affected organs occur. A blood test can provide further information. Elevated white blood cells indicate an infection.
Normally, the values are between 4,000 and 10,000 cells per microliter of blood. An accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicates an inflammatory process in the body.
| Symptom | Superficial abscess | Internal abscess |
|---|---|---|
| Swelling | Clearly visible | Often not visible |
| Redness | Very pronounced | Usually not visible |
| Pain | Localized | Diffuse, often radiating |
| Fever | Rarely | Frequent |
| Functional disorders | Barely present | Possible, depending on the organ affected |
The color and consistency of the pus reveals a lot about the pathogen. Yellowish, odorless pus indicates Staphylococcus aureus. Yellowish-grey, thin secretions are more indicative of Staphylococcus pyogenes.
Foul-smelling pus with a yellow-reddish or blue-black color suggests other bacteria. These include Escherichia coli or Bacteroidis fragilis.
Treatment options for abscesses
Abscess treatments vary depending on the size, location and severity. Various methods are available. The right therapy is selected individually.
Surgical opening
Surgical removal is the most effective. The doctor opens the abscess under sterile conditions. The pus is drained completely.
Good drainage promotes wound healing. Important: Never open abscesses yourself. This can lead to complications.
Drug therapy
Antibiotics support abscess treatment. They fight bacteria and prevent the infection from spreading. The medication supplements the surgical opening.
Naturopathic approaches
Alternative treatments such as traction ointments help with small, superficial abscesses. They promote natural maturation and drainage. Important: Consult a doctor before use.
Healing process and aftercare
Abscess healing takes about 4 to 12 weeks. Regular follow-up checks are important for optimal wound healing. Follow-up treatment includes careful wound care.
| Treatment method | Application method | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Surgical opening | For all abscesses | Once only |
| Antibiotics | Supplementary to surgery | 5-10 days |
| Traction ointments | Small, superficial abscesses | Several days |
| Aftercare | After each treatment | 4-12 weeks |
Conclusion
Abscesses are serious conditions that need to be treated quickly. Good prevention is important for your health. Regular visits to the dentist and good oral hygiene reduce the risk of dental abscesses.
Pay attention to changes in your mouth. Abscesses can also occur without pain. If there is redness, swelling or fever, you should see a doctor immediately.
Prompt treatment prevents possible complications such as blood poisoning. People with a weak immune system or diabetes are particularly at risk.
Do not hesitate to seek help if you suspect an abscess. With the right precautions, you can protect your oral health in the long term.
FAQ
What exactly is an abscess?
An abscess is an encapsulated collection of pus in the tissue. It is caused by bacteria that penetrate into deeper layers of the skin and trigger an inflammation. The body tries to contain the infection with a connective tissue membrane.
What types of abscesses are there?
There are superficial skin abscesses and deeper, internal abscesses. Skin abscesses often occur on hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Internal abscesses can occur with chronic intestinal inflammation or tuberculosis.
What are the most common causes of abscesses?
Bacterial infections are the main cause of abscesses. Staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli are common pathogens.
Risk factors such as a weakened skin barrier, diabetes or neurodermatitis promote abscess formation. Injuries and poor hygiene can also promote abscesses.
How do I recognize an abscess?
Typical symptoms are redness, swelling, overheating and pain. In the case of skin abscesses, a painful, reddened swelling is often visible.
Internal abscesses can also cause fever and fatigue. Functional disorders of the affected organs are also possible.
How are abscesses treated?
The most common method is surgical opening and draining of the abscess. Sometimes the treatment is supplemented with antibiotics.
Traction ointments can help with small, superficial abscesses. However, this should only be done after consulting a doctor.
Can I open an abscess myself?
No, never open abscesses yourself. This can lead to the infection spreading.
The opening should always be carried out by a doctor. This ensures complete drainage and good drainage.
How long does it take for an abscess to heal?
The healing time depends on the size and location of the abscess. It usually takes a few days to weeks.
Regular follow-up checks and careful wound care are important. Follow the doctor’s instructions carefully during the healing phase.
Are there ways to prevent abscesses?
Good hygiene and careful skin care can reduce the risk of abscesses. This is particularly important for people with diabetes or skin diseases.
In the event of injuries, you should ensure thorough cleaning and disinfection. This will help prevent infections.
What are sterile abscesses?
Sterile or cold abscesses occur without the involvement of bacteria. They can occur after serious operations or with tuberculosis.
Treatment often differs from that of bacterial abscesses. Discuss the treatment individually with your doctor.
